Audit, Compliance and Risk Blog

Litigation is an occupational hazard for corporate directors and officers. Fortunately, the hazard of directors' liability can be reduced substantially when the corporation indemnifies them from personal liability arising from their services. Indemnification is an undertaking by a corporation to reimburse legal costs and related expenses incurred to defend a claim, and may also include advances to cover defense costs as they are incurred. Indemnity arrangements may appear in the corporation’s charter or bylaws, and/or a separate agreement between the individual and the corporation. State laws govern indemnification, and apply through corporate bylaws and/or employment contracts with directors and officers.

Executive compensation packages can become sources of tension between directors and shareholders in companies. In the U.S., state corporation laws authorize directors to fix their own compensation and to determine suitable compensation for the officers of the corporation, while federal income tax rules require shareholder validation before the company can deduct individual compensation exceeding $1 million ($500,000 for participants in the Troubled Asset Relief Program (TARP)). U.S. federal laws have expanded requirements for shareholder “say-on-pay” votes, but only require that the votes themselves be advisory, not binding. The 2009 federal stimulus bill requires participants to offer non-binding shareholder votes, and the 2010 Dodd-Frank Act requires all public companies to do the same. (See my recent blog on Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) rulemaking).

Christopher Roinestad and Gerald Fitz-Gerald were overcome by poisonous hydrogen sulfide gas while cleaning a large grease clog in a sewer near the Hog’s Breath Saloon & Restaurant. The district court concluded that Hog’s Breath caused respondents’ injuries by dumping substantial amounts of cooking grease into the sewer. On summary judgment, the district court found Hog’s Breath liable under theories of negligence and off-premises liability, and entered a damage award in respondents’ favor. Mountain States Mutual Casualty Company (“MSM”) sought a ruling that it had no obligation to indemnify Hog’s Breath and the district court agreed, holding that dumping substantial amounts of cooking grease constituted a discharge of a pollutant under the policy’s pollution exclusion clause. The court of appeals reversed. It held that the terms of the pollution exclusion clause were ambiguous and that its application to cooking grease could lead to absurd results and negate essential coverage. The parties took the case to the Colorado Supreme Court who, in Mountain States Mutual Casualty Company v. Christopher Roinestad and Gerald Fitz-Gerald, and Tim Kirkpatrick, D/B/A Hog’s Breath Saloon & Restaurant., 2013 CO 14 (Colo. 02/25/2013), resolved the dispute.

The Civil Rights movement of the 1960s extended beyond the ballot box to enter most U.S. workplaces. Beginning with Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, federal (and follow-on states’) laws seek to ensure employees' rights to equal treatment, by prohibiting employer discrimination against employees because of any characteristics that historically have been the basis for discrimination (dubbed “protected classes”). Federally protected classes presently include the following:

By Jamie Scudder, Maplecroft

On February 20, 2013, the U.S. Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) and its international counterpart, the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB), completed their “substantive deliberations” on the joint project to issue a comprehensive new standard on accounting for revenue. The changes in this standard will affect almost all companies in one way or another. While minor “tweaks” might occur over the next few weeks, the major decisions have been reached.

This month marks the twentieth anniversary of the passage of the federal Family and Medical Leave Act (FMLA) of 1993. FMLA requires large employers to grant eligible employees time off to respond to a broad range of medical conditions that they or their immediate family members may suffer. Since 1993, the law has been amended and expanded a number of times, with the Department of Labor’s Wage and Hour Division (WHD) revising its regulations to incorporate and apply these changing requirements. For example, effective March 8, WHD has revised rules providing protections for National Guard and Reserve troops subject to deployments, and for airline flight crews.

by James Lockhart-Smith, Maplecroft

For many years, under the authority of the Children’s Online Privacy Protection Act (COPPA), the Federal Trade Commission has imposed special regulations on websites and online services that are either directed to children under 13 or whose owners or operators have actual knowledge that they are collecting personal information from children under age 13. On December 19, 2012, the FTC announced final, major changes to the COPPA Rule in response to advances in technology and internet use that have occurred since the COPPA Rule was first enacted.

In the concluding part of his year in review series, Barry Zalma selects his final choice of the most significant insurance law cases of 2012: